LOCATION :



LOCATION INVOLVES THE APPLICATION OF
1 NAVIGATION SKILLS TAUGHT TO YOU IN DIFFERENT LESSONS
2 IMPROVISED DIRECTION FINDING SKILLS
3 SIGNALLING SKILLS
IT INVOLVES FINDING YOUR POSITION AND OR CONVEYING IT TO
OTHERS IT ALSO INVOLVES DECIDING WHETHER YOUR PRESENT
LOCATION IS SUITABLE FOR RESCUE AND IF IT WOULD BE BETTER TO
TRAVEL OR AWAIT RESCUE

IMPROVISED DIRECTION FINDING


1 SUN WILL ALWAYS RISE IN THE EAST THIS IS ONLY APPROXIMATE
AT DAWN LOOK TOWARD WHERE SUN RISES ABOVE HORIZON THIS
WILL BE APPROXIMATE EAST

2 USING A WATCH MAKE SURE WATCH IS SET TO TRUE LOCAL TIME
NOT DAYLIGHT SAVING. HOLD THE WATCH HORIZONTAL POINT THE
12 TOWARDS THE SUN A MID POINT BETWEEN 12 AND HOUR HAND
WILL BE THE NORTH SOUTH LINE THIS IS CORRECT FOR SOUTHERN
HEMISPHERE ONLY IF YOU ONLY HAVE A DIGITAL WATCH TRY
DRAWING A WATCH FACE IN THE DIRT MAKE 12 TOWARDS THE SUN
AND DRAW IN THE TIME AS IF IT WERE A ANALOGUE WATCH

3 SHADOW STICK ON A PATCH OF FLAT CLEAR GROUND PLACE A STRAIGHT
STICK AS UPRIGHT AS POSSIBLE NOTE WHERE THE TIP IS AND
MARK WITH A PEBBLE OR A STICK,WAIT AT LEAST 15 MINUTES
AND MARK THE NEW SHADOW TIP JOIN THE TWO MARKS AND YOU
HAVE THE DIRECTIONS OF EAST AND WEST THE WEST END IS THE
FIRST TIP

4 IMPROVISE A COMPASS Coke bottle compassMATERIALS REQUIRED ARE PIECE OF STEEL


5 NIGHT DIRECTION FINDING BY SOUTHERN CROSS THERE IS NO STAR
NEAR THE SOUTH CELESTIAL POLE THAT IS BRIGHT ENOUGH TO
BE EASILY IDENTIFIED INSTEAD A PROMINENT CONSTELLATION
IS USED. CRUX OR THE SOUTHERN CROSS , A CONSTELLATION OF
FIVE STARS WHICH CAN BE DISTINGUISHED FROM TWO OTHER
CROSS SHAPED GROUPS BY ITS SIZE IT IS SMALLER ,AND ITS
TWO POINTER STARS TO FIND SOUTH DRAW AN IMAGINARY LINE
ALONG THE CROSS AND FOUR AND A HALF TIMES LONGER THEN
DROP IT VERTICALLY DOWN.ANOTHER WAY IS TO DRAW AN IMAGINARY
LINE FROM THE CENTRED OF THE TWO POINTERS AND AT RIGHT
ANGLES TO THEM BRING THIS LINE DOWN TOWARD HORIZON THEN
DRAW ANOTHER IMAGINARY LINE FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE SOUTHERN
CROSS WHERE THE TWO LINES MEET IS THE SOUTH CELESTIAL POLE

SIGNALS:
SIGNALS ARE ANY METHOD BY WICH YOUR POSITION OR RELEVANT
IMFORMATION CAN BE SENT OR GIVEN TO SOMEONE ELSE
THIS INCLUDES, 1 RADIO TRANSMITTER
2 SIGNAL FIRES
3 GROUND TO AIR SIGNALS
4 SIGNALLING MIRROR ALSO CALLED A HELIOGRAPH
5 OTHER SIGNALLING DEVICES

RADIO OPERATION SHOULD BE LEARNED BEFORE YOU NEED TO USE IT ITS NOT
AS EASY AS PICK IT UP AND TALK ALL SORTS OF THINGS AFFECT THE
ABILITY TO SEND AND RECIEVE RADIO SIGNAL FOR EXAMPLE WEATHER
AND TOPOGRAPHY

SIGNAL FIRES SIGNAL FIRES MUST BE SPACED 30 METERS APART IN EITHER
A TRIANGULAR OR A STRAIGHT LINE FORMATION THEY MUST BE ABLE TO BE
LIT QUICKLY 3 MINUTES FROM FIRST HEARING OR SEEING AIRCRAFT
FOR THIS REASON SOMEONE MUST BE POSTED TO SIGNAL FIRE DUTY ALL THE
TIMES
REMEMBER SMOKE FOR THE DAY LIGHT FOR THE NIGHT AND FIRES
MUST BE LARGE TO BE EFFECTIVE ONE OF THE SIGNAL FIRES CAN
BE CAMP FIRE
GROUND TO AIR SIGNALS THESE ARE LETTERS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE
IE 10 TO 20 METERS THEY ARE USED TO CONVEY INFORMATION
FOR EXAMPLE 1 I REQUIRE DOCTOR SERIOUS INJURIES
2 II REQUIRE MEDICAL SUPPLIES
3 F REQUIRE FOOD AND WATER
4 K INDICATE DIRECTION TO PROCEED
5 PROCEEDING IN THIS DIRECTION
6 LL ALL WELL
7 N NO
8 Y YES
9 JL NOT UNDERSTOOD
10 NN NOTHING FOUND CONTINUING SEARCH
11 X UNABLE TO PROCEED ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
12 L REQUIRE FUEL & OIL
13 C OR R REQUIRE RADIO
14 H HELICOPTER LANDING SPOT
15 III REQUIRE EVACUATION
16 XX RETURNING TO BASE

REMEMBER WITH GROUND TO AIR SIGNALS TO MAKE SIGNALS CONTRAST
USING WHATEVER MATERIAL AVAIL

AIR TO GROUND AIRCRAFT ROCKS FROM SIDE TO SIDE OR FLASHES
GREEN SIGNAL LAMP MEANS MESSAGE UNDERSTOOD
AIRCRAFT MAKES COMPLETE RIGHT HAND CIRCLE OR FLASHES RED
SIGNAL LAMP MEANS MESSAGE NOT UNDERSTOOD.A PERSON STANDING
UPRIGHT WITH HANDS CLASPED OVER HEAD WILL BE CONSIDERED
OK WHEREAS A PERSON LYING FLAT ON GROUND WILL BE CONSIDERED
TO HAVE MAJOR INJURIES

SIGNALLING MIRROR:TO USE IMPROVISED MIRROR MAKE FINGERS INTO
A V OBJECT TO BE SIGHTED IS LOCATED BETWEEN TIPS OF FINGERS
MIRROR IS THEN POSITIONED SO THAT MOST OF THE REFLECTED LIGHT
FALLS BETWEEN FINGERS. NOTE A TORCH CAN BE SIGHTED IN A SIMILAR
FASHION AT NIGHT

OTHER DEVICES: FLARES,TORCH,TINSEL TREE A TREE WITH REFLECTIVE BITS
ALL OVER IT ,WHISTLE,RIFLE SHOT ETC

THE DECISION TO TRAVEL


THE DECISION TO TRAVEL IN A SURVIVAL SITUATION IS VERY IMPORTANT
AND MUST BE UNDERTAKEN ONLY AFTER CAREFULL CONSIDERATION FIRSTLY
IF INVOLVED IN A PLANE CRASH OR STRANDED CAR REMEMBER THAT A PLANE
OR CAR WILL BE MUCH EASIER TO SEE THAN A PERSON

ASK YOURSELF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1 IS IT QUICKER TO WALK TO CIVILIZATION THAN TO WAIT FOR RESCUE
2 DOES ANYONE KNOW YOUR POSITION
3 DO YOU KNOW YOUR OWN POSITION
4 IS YOUR CAR OR PLANE VISIBLE FROM AIR
5 IS THE WEATHER FAVOURABLE FOR A SEARCH
6 ARE YOU AND ANY COMPANIONS FIT FOR A JOURNEY
7 ARE THERE LIKELY TO BE AIRCRAFT TRANSITING THE AREA
8 HAVE YOU ENOUGH FOOD AND WATER FOR A JOURNEY
9 DO SEARCH AND RESCUE AGENCIES OPERATE IN THE AREA
10 HOW GOOD IS YOUR SURVIVAL KNOWLEDGE IF YOU HAVE LITTLE
CONFIDENCE STAY WHERE YOU ARE

IF YOU DECIDE TO STAY WHERE YOU ARE MAKE EVERY EFFORT TO MAKE
YOURSELF VISIBLE TO SEARCH PARTIES
IF YOU DECIDE TO TRAVEL THEN STILL BE READY TO SIGNAL USING
SUCH PORTABLE DEVICES AS SIGNALLING MIRROR FLARE ETC
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